Math Glossary

568 of 568 terms

Level:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Term ↑	Category ↕	Formula	Levels
3
30-60-90 Triangle	Trigonometry	\(\text{sides: } a, a\sqrt{3}, 2a \text{ (opposite } 30^\circ, 60^\circ, 90^\circ \text{ respectively)}\)	B I A
4
45-45-90 Triangle	Trigonometry	\(\text{legs: } a, a; \quad \text{hypotenuse: } a\sqrt{2}\)	B I A
A
Absolute Value	Arithmetic	\(\|x\| = x \text{ if } x \ge 0; \ -x \text{ if } x < 0\)	B I A
Absolute Value Equation	Pre-Algebra	\(\|x\| = a \text{ means } x = a \text{ or } x = -a\)	B I A
Acute Angle	Geometry	\(0 < \text{angle} < 90^\circ\)	B I A
Acute Triangle	Geometry	\(a^2 + b^2 > c^2 \text{ (for all three side combinations)}\)	B I A
Addend	Arithmetic	\(\text{addend} + \text{addend} = \text{sum}\)	B I A
Adding Fractions	Fractions & Decimals	\(\frac{a}{c} + \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a+b}{c}; \quad \frac{a}{b} + \frac{c}{d} = \frac{ad+bc}{bd}\)	B I A
Adding Polynomials	Algebra	--	B I A
Addition	Arithmetic	\(a + b = \text{sum}\)	B I A
Addition Rule (Probability)	Statistics & Probability	\(P(A \text{ or } B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A \text{ and } B)\)	B I A
Additive Identity	Arithmetic	\(a + 0 = a\)	B I A
Additive Inverse	Arithmetic	\(a + (-a) = 0\)	B I A
Adjacent Angles	Geometry	--	B I A
Adjacent Side	Trigonometry	--	B I A
Algebraic Expression	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Alternate Exterior Angles	Geometry	\(\text{angle } A = \text{angle } B \text{ (when lines are parallel)}\)	B I A
Alternate Interior Angles	Geometry	\(\text{angle } A = \text{angle } B \text{ (when lines are parallel)}\)	B I A
Amplitude	Trigonometry	\(\text{amplitude} = \|A\| \text{ in } y = A\sin(Bx + C) + D\)	B I A
Angle	Geometry	\(\text{Full rotation} = 360^\circ = 2\pi \text{ radians}\)	B I A
Angle Bisector	Geometry	\(\text{angle}_1 = \text{angle}_2 = (\text{original angle}) / 2\)	B I A
Angle of Depression	Trigonometry	\(\tan(\theta) = \frac{\text{vertical drop}}{\text{horizontal distance}}\)	B I A
Angle of Elevation	Trigonometry	\(\tan(\theta) = \frac{\text{height}}{\text{horizontal distance}}\)	B I A
Antiderivative	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(F'(x) = f(x)\)	B I A
Arc	Geometry	\(\text{Arc length} = (\theta/360) \times 2\pi r \text{ (}\theta \text{ in degrees)}\)	B I A
Arc Length	Geometry & Measurement	\(s = r\theta \text{ (radians) or } s = \frac{\theta}{360} \cdot 2\pi r \text{ (degrees)}\)	B I A
Arc Length (Radian)	Trigonometry	\(s = r\theta \text{ (where } \theta \text{ is in radians)}\)	B I A
Area	Geometry & Measurement	\(\text{Varies by shape; measured in square units}\)	B I A
Area Formula (SAS)	Trigonometry	\(\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} ab \sin(C)\)	B I A
Area of a Circle	Geometry & Measurement	\(A = \pi r^2\)	B I A
Area of a Parallelogram	Geometry & Measurement	\(A = b \times h\)	B I A
Area of a Rectangle	Geometry & Measurement	\(A = l \times w\)	B I A
Area of a Trapezoid	Geometry & Measurement	\(A = \frac{1}{2}(b_1 + b_2) \times h\)	B I A
Area of a Triangle	Geometry & Measurement	\(A = \frac{1}{2} \times b \times h\)	B I A
Area Under a Curve	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(A = \int_a^b f(x)\, dx\)	B I A
Arithmetic Pattern	Pre-Algebra	\(a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d\)	B I A
Arithmetic Sequence	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(a_n = a_1 + (n-1)d\)	B I A
Arithmetic Series	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(S_n = n/2 \cdot (a_1 + a_n)\)	B I A
Ascending Order	Arithmetic	\(a_1 \le a_2 \le a_3 \le \ldots\)	B I A
Associative Property	Pre-Algebra	\((a + b) + c = a + (b + c)\)	B I A
Average Rate of Change	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\frac{f(b) - f(a)}{b - a}\)	B I A
Axiom	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Axis of Symmetry	Algebra	\(x = \frac{-b}{2a}\)	B I A
B
Balance Method	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Bar Graph	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Base	Arithmetic	\(\text{base}^{\text{exponent}} = \text{power}\)	B I A
Base (of a Shape)	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Benchmark Fraction	Fractions & Decimals	--	B I A
Bias (Statistics)	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Biconditional	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(P \leftrightarrow Q \text{ (P if and only if Q)}\)	B I A
Bimodal Distribution	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Binomial	Algebra	\(a + b \; \text{ or } \; a - b\)	B I A
Binomial Theorem	Calculus & Advanced Math	\((a+b)^n = \sum_{k=0}^{n} C(n,k) a^{n-k} b^k\)	B I A
Box Plot	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
C
Cardinality	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\|A\| = \text{number of elements in } A\)	B I A
Census	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Center (of a Circle)	Geometry	--	B I A
Center of Dilation	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Central Angle	Geometry	\(\text{central angle} = \text{arc measure (in degrees)}\)	B I A
Chain Rule	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\frac{d}{dx}[f(g(x))] = f'(g(x)) \cdot g'(x)\)	B I A
Change of Base Formula	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(\log_b(x) = \log(x) / \log(b) = \ln(x) / \ln(b)\)	B I A
Chord	Geometry	\(\text{chord length} = 2r\sin(\theta/2) \text{ (where } \theta \text{ is the central angle)}\)	B I A
Circle	Geometry	\(\text{Area} = \pi r^2; \text{Circumference} = 2\pi r\)	B I A
Circumference	Geometry & Measurement	\(C = 2\pi r = \pi d\)	B I A
Co-interior Angles	Geometry	\(\text{angle } A + \text{angle } B = 180^\circ \text{ (when lines are parallel)}\)	B I A
Coefficient	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Collinear	Geometry	--	B I A
Combination	Statistics & Probability	\(C(n, r) = \dfrac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}\)	B I A
Combining Like Terms	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Commission	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{commission} = \text{sales amount} \times \text{commission rate}\)	B I A
Common Denominator	Fractions & Decimals	--	B I A
Common Difference	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(d = a_{n+1} - a_n\)	B I A
Common Logarithm	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(\log(x) = \log_{10}(x)\)	B I A
Common Ratio	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(r = a_{n+1} / a_n\)	B I A
Commutative Property	Pre-Algebra	\(a + b = b + a\)	B I A
Comparing Decimals	Fractions & Decimals	--	B I A
Complement of a Set	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(A' = U \setminus A = \{x \in U : x \notin A\}\)	B I A
Complement of an Event	Statistics & Probability	\(P(\text{not } A) = 1 - P(A)\)	B I A
Complementary Angles	Geometry	\(\text{angle } A + \text{angle } B = 90^\circ\)	B I A
Completing the Square	Algebra	\(x^2 + bx + \left(\frac{b}{2}\right)^2 = \left(x + \frac{b}{2}\right)^2\)	B I A
Complex Conjugate	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(\overline{a + bi} = a - bi\)	B I A
Complex Number	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(z = a + bi\)	B I A
Composite Number	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Composition of Functions	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\((f \circ g)(x) = f(g(x))\)	B I A
Compound Inequality	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Compound Interest	Fractions & Decimals	\(A = P\left(1 + \frac{r}{n}\right)^{nt}\)	B I A
Concave Polygon	Geometry	--	B I A
Concavity	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(f''(x) > 0: \text{ concave up; } f''(x) < 0: \text{ concave down}\)	B I A
Conditional Probability	Statistics & Probability	\(P(B\|A) = \dfrac{P(A \text{ and } B)}{P(A)}\)	B I A
Conditional Statement	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(P \to Q \text{ (if P then Q)}\)	B I A
Cone	Geometry & Measurement	\(V = \frac{1}{3}\pi r^2 h; \ LSA = \pi r l\)	B I A
Congruence (Modular)	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(a \equiv b \pmod{n} \text{ iff } n \mid (a - b)\)	B I A
Congruent	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Conjecture	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Consecutive Numbers	Arithmetic	\(n, n+1, n+2, \ldots\)	B I A
Consistent System	Algebra	--	B I A
Constant	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Continuity	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\lim_{x \to a} f(x) = f(a)\)	B I A
Continuous Data	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Contrapositive	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\text{Contrapositive of } P \to Q \text{ is } \neg Q \to \neg P\)	B I A
Converge	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Converse	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\text{Converse of } P \to Q \text{ is } Q \to P\)	B I A
Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem	Trigonometry	\(\text{If } a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \text{, then the triangle is a right triangle}\)	B I A
Converting Percent	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{percent to decimal: divide by 100; decimal to percent: multiply by 100}\)	B I A
Convex Polygon	Geometry	--	B I A
Coordinate Pair	Pre-Algebra	\((x, y)\)	B I A
Coordinate Plane	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Coplanar	Geometry	--	B I A
Correlation	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Correlation Coefficient	Statistics & Probability	\(r = \dfrac{\sum (x_i-\bar{x})(y_i-\bar{y})}{\sqrt{\sum (x_i-\bar{x})^2 \sum (y_i-\bar{y})^2}}\)	B I A
Corresponding Angles	Geometry	\(\text{angle } A = \text{angle } B \text{ (when lines are parallel)}\)	B I A
Cosecant	Trigonometry	\(\csc(\theta) = \frac{1}{\sin(\theta)} = \frac{\text{hypotenuse}}{\text{opposite}}\)	B I A
Cosine	Trigonometry	\(\cos(\theta) = \frac{\text{adjacent}}{\text{hypotenuse}}\)	B I A
Cotangent	Trigonometry	\(\cot(\theta) = \frac{1}{\tan(\theta)} = \frac{\text{adjacent}}{\text{opposite}} = \frac{\cos(\theta)}{\sin(\theta)}\)	B I A
Coterminal Angles	Trigonometry	\(\text{coterminal angles} = \theta + 360n \text{ degrees (or } \theta + 2\pi n \text{ radians) for any integer } n\)	B I A
Counterexample	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Critical Point	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(f'(c) = 0 \text{ or } f'(c) \text{ undefined}\)	B I A
Cross Product	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(u \times v = (u_2v_3-u_3v_2, u_3v_1-u_1v_3, u_1v_2-u_2v_1)\)	B I A
Cross-Multiplication	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{if } \frac{a}{b} = \frac{c}{d}, \text{ then } ad = bc\)	B I A
Cross-Section	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Cube Root	Arithmetic	\(\sqrt[3]{n} = x \text{ means } x^3 = n\)	B I A
Cylinder	Geometry & Measurement	\(V = \pi r^2 h; \ SA = 2\pi r^2 + 2\pi r h\)	B I A
D
Data	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Decimal	Fractions & Decimals	--	B I A
Decimal Point	Fractions & Decimals	--	B I A
Deductive Reasoning	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Definite Integral	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\int_a^b f(x)\, dx = F(b) - F(a)\)	B I A
Degree of a Polynomial	Algebra	--	B I A
Degree-to-Radian Conversion	Trigonometry	\(\text{radians} = \text{degrees} \times \frac{\pi}{180}; \quad \text{degrees} = \text{radians} \times \frac{180}{\pi}\)	B I A
Denominator	Fractions & Decimals	--	B I A
Dependent Events	Statistics & Probability	\(P(A \text{ and } B) = P(A) \times P(B\|A)\)	B I A
Dependent System	Algebra	--	B I A
Derivative	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(f'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h}\)	B I A
Descending Order	Arithmetic	\(a_1 \ge a_2 \ge a_3 \ge \ldots\)	B I A
Determinant	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(\det\begin{pmatrix}a & b\\c & d\end{pmatrix} = ad - bc\)	B I A
Diagonal	Geometry	\(\text{Number of diagonals} = n(n-3)/2 \text{ (for an } n\text{-gon)}\)	B I A
Diameter	Geometry	\(d = 2r; \text{Circumference} = \pi d\)	B I A
Difference	Arithmetic	\(a - b = \text{difference}\)	B I A
Difference of Squares	Algebra	\(a^2 - b^2 = (a + b)(a - b)\)	B I A
Differentiation	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\frac{d}{dx}[f(x)]\)	B I A
Digit	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Dilation	Geometry & Measurement	\(P' = C + k(P - C)\)	B I A
Direct Variation	Algebra	\(y = kx\)	B I A
Direct Variation	Fractions & Decimals	\(y = kx \text{ (}k\text{ is the constant of variation)}\)	B I A
Discontinuity	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Discount	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{discount amount} = \text{original price} \times \text{discount rate}; \quad \text{sale price} = \text{original price} \times (1 - \text{discount rate})\)	B I A
Discrete Data	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Discriminant	Algebra	\(D = b^2 - 4ac\)	B I A
Distance Formula	Geometry & Measurement	\(d = \sqrt{(x_2-x_1)^2 + (y_2-y_1)^2}\)	B I A
Distributive Property	Pre-Algebra	\(a(b + c) = ab + ac\)	B I A
Diverge	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Dividend	Arithmetic	\(\text{dividend} / \text{divisor} = \text{quotient}\)	B I A
Dividing Fractions	Fractions & Decimals	\(\left(\frac{a}{b}\right) \div \left(\frac{c}{d}\right) = \left(\frac{a}{b}\right) \times \left(\frac{d}{c}\right) = \frac{ad}{bc}\)	B I A
Divisibility	Arithmetic	\(a \text{ is divisible by } b \text{ if } a = b \times k \text{ for some integer } k\)	B I A
Division	Arithmetic	\(\text{dividend} / \text{divisor} = \text{quotient} \ (+ \text{remainder})\)	B I A
Divisor	Arithmetic	\(\text{dividend} / \text{divisor} = \text{quotient}\)	B I A
Domain of a Function	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Dot Plot	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Dot Product	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(u \cdot v = u_1v_1 + u_2v_2 + \ldots = \|u\|\|v\|\cos(\theta)\)	B I A
Double Number Line	Fractions & Decimals	--	B I A
Doubling Time	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(T_d = \ln(2) / r\)	B I A
E
Edge	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Edge (Graph Theory)	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Element of a Set	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(x \in A \text{ (x is an element of A)}\)	B I A
Elimination Method	Algebra	--	B I A
Empty Set	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\emptyset = \{\}\)	B I A
Equation	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Equilateral Triangle	Geometry	\(\text{Area} = (\sqrt{3}/4)s^2; \text{all angles} = 60^\circ\)	B I A
Equivalent Fractions	Fractions & Decimals	\(\frac{a}{b} = \frac{an}{bn} \text{ for any nonzero } n\)	B I A
Equivalent Ratios	Fractions & Decimals	\(a:b = (an):(bn) \text{ for any nonzero } n\)	B I A
Estimation	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Evaluate an Expression	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Evaluating Functions	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Even Number	Arithmetic	\(n = 2k \text{ for some integer } k\)	B I A
Event (Probability)	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Expanded Form	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Expected Value	Statistics & Probability	\(E(X) = \sum (\text{each value} \times \text{its probability})\)	B I A
Experimental Probability	Statistics & Probability	\(\text{P(event)} = \dfrac{\text{number of times event occurred}}{\text{total number of trials}}\)	B I A
Explicit Formula	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Exponent	Arithmetic	\(b^n = b \times b \times \ldots \times b \ (n \text{ times})\)	B I A
Exponential Decay	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(A(t) = A_0 \cdot b^t, 0 < b < 1\)	B I A
Exponential Function	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(f(x) = a \cdot b^x\)	B I A
Exponential Growth	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(A(t) = A_0 \cdot b^t, b > 1\)	B I A
Expression vs. Equation	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Exterior Angle of a Triangle	Geometry	\(\text{exterior angle} = \text{sum of two non-adjacent interior angles}\)	B I A
F
Face	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Factor	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Factorial	Statistics & Probability	\(n! = n \times (n-1) \times (n-2) \times \cdots \times 2 \times 1\)	B I A
Factoring	Algebra	--	B I A
Factoring by GCF	Algebra	--	B I A
Factoring Trinomials	Algebra	\(ax^2 + bx + c = (px + q)(rx + s)\)	B I A
First Derivative Test	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
FOIL Method	Algebra	\((a+b)(c+d) = ac + ad + bc + bd\)	B I A
Formula (Algebra)	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Fraction	Fractions & Decimals	\(\frac{a}{b} \text{ (where } b \neq 0 \text{)}\)	B I A
Frequency	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Frequency	Trigonometry	\(\text{frequency} = \frac{1}{\text{period}} = \frac{\|B\|}{2\pi}\)	B I A
Frequency Table	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Function	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Function Notation	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(f(x)\)	B I A
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\int_a^b f(x)\, dx = F(b) - F(a)\)	B I A
G
Geometric Sequence	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(a_n = a_1 \cdot r^{n-1}\)	B I A
Geometric Series	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(S_n = a_1 \cdot (1 - r^n) / (1 - r)\)	B I A
Global Extrema	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Graph Theory	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Graphing Cosine	Trigonometry	\(y = A\cos(Bx + C) + D\)	B I A
Graphing Method	Algebra	--	B I A
Graphing Sine	Trigonometry	\(y = A\sin(Bx + C) + D\)	B I A
Greatest Common Factor	Arithmetic	\(\text{GCF}(a,b) = \text{product of shared prime factors with minimum exponents}\)	B I A
H
Half-Life	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(T_{1/2} = \ln(2) / r\)	B I A
Height / Altitude	Geometry & Measurement	\(h \text{ is perpendicular to the base}\)	B I A
Hexagon	Geometry	\(\text{Interior angle sum} = 720^\circ; \text{each regular angle} = 120^\circ\)	B I A
Higher-Order Derivative	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(f''(x) = \frac{d^2y}{dx^2}\)	B I A
Histogram	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Horizontal Shift	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(g(x) = f(x - h)\)	B I A
Hundredths	Fractions & Decimals	\(1 \text{ hundredth} = \frac{1}{100} = 0.01\)	B I A
Hypotenuse	Trigonometry	\(c = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}\)	B I A
I
Identity Matrix	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(I_n: \text{1s on diagonal, 0s elsewhere}\)	B I A
Identity Property	Pre-Algebra	\(a + 0 = a \| a \times 1 = a\)	B I A
Image (Transformation)	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Imaginary Part	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(Im(a + bi) = b\)	B I A
Imaginary Unit	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(i = \sqrt{-1}, i^2 = -1\)	B I A
Implicit Differentiation	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\frac{d}{dx}[F(x,y)] = 0, \text{ solve for } \frac{dy}{dx}\)	B I A
Improper Fraction	Fractions & Decimals	--	B I A
Inconsistent System	Algebra	--	B I A
Increasing and Decreasing Functions	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(f'(x) > 0: \text{ increasing; } f'(x) < 0: \text{ decreasing}\)	B I A
Indefinite Integral	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\int f(x)\, dx = F(x) + C\)	B I A
Independent Events	Statistics & Probability	\(P(A \text{ and } B) = P(A) \times P(B) \quad [\text{when } A \text{ and } B \text{ are independent}]\)	B I A
Independent System	Algebra	--	B I A
Inductive Reasoning	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Inequality	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Inequality Symbols	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Infinite Series	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Infinity	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Inflection Point	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(f''(c) = 0 \text{ and concavity changes}\)	B I A
Initial Side	Trigonometry	--	B I A
Input-Output Table	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Inscribed Angle	Geometry	\(\text{inscribed angle} = (1/2) \times \text{intercepted arc}\)	B I A
Instantaneous Rate of Change	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(f'(a) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(a+h) - f(a)}{h}\)	B I A
Integer	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Integration by Parts	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\int u\, dv = uv - \int v\, du\)	B I A
Interquartile Range	Statistics & Probability	\(\text{IQR} = Q_3 - Q_1\)	B I A
Intersection of Sets	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(A \cap B = \{x : x \in A \text{ and } x \in B\}\)	B I A
Interval Notation	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Inverse Cosine	Trigonometry	\(\arccos(x) = \theta \text{ such that } \cos(\theta) = x, \text{ for } x \in [-1, 1]\)	B I A
Inverse Function	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(f(f^{-1}(x)) = f^{-1}(f(x)) = x\)	B I A
Inverse Matrix	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(A A^{-1} = A^{-1} A = I\)	B I A
Inverse Operations	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Inverse Sine	Trigonometry	\(\arcsin(x) = \theta \text{ such that } \sin(\theta) = x, \text{ for } x \in [-1, 1]\)	B I A
Inverse Tangent	Trigonometry	\(\arctan(x) = \theta \text{ such that } \tan(\theta) = x\)	B I A
Inverse Variation	Fractions & Decimals	\(y = \frac{k}{x} \text{ or } xy = k\)	B I A
Irrational Number	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Isosceles Trapezoid	Geometry	\(\text{Area} = (1/2)(b_1 + b_2) \times \text{height}\)	B I A
Isosceles Triangle	Geometry	\(\text{base angles are equal when two sides are equal}\)	B I A
K
Kite	Geometry	\(\text{Area} = (d_1 d_2)/2 \text{ (where } d_1, d_2 \text{ are diagonal lengths)}\)	B I A
L
Lateral Surface Area	Geometry & Measurement	\(LSA = \text{perimeter of base} \times \text{height (prism)}\)	B I A
Law of Cosines	Trigonometry	\(c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos(C)\)	B I A
Law of Large Numbers	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Law of Sines	Trigonometry	\(\frac{a}{\sin(A)} = \frac{b}{\sin(B)} = \frac{c}{\sin(C)}\)	B I A
Leading Coefficient	Algebra	--	B I A
Leading Term	Algebra	--	B I A
Least Common Denominator	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{LCD}(b, d) = \text{LCM}(b, d) = \frac{bd}{\gcd(b, d)}\)	B I A
Least Common Multiple	Arithmetic	\(\text{LCM}(a,b) = \frac{a \times b}{\text{GCF}(a,b)}\)	B I A
Like Terms	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Limit	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\lim_{x \to a} f(x) = L\)	B I A
Limit at Infinity	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\lim_{x \to \infty} f(x) = L\)	B I A
Line	Geometry	--	B I A
Line Graph	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Line of Best Fit	Statistics & Probability	\(\hat{y} = b_0 + b_1 x\)	B I A
Line of Symmetry	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Line Segment	Geometry	\(\text{Length} = \text{distance between endpoints}\)	B I A
Linear Equation	Algebra	\(ax + b = c\)	B I A
Linear Function	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(f(x) = mx + b\)	B I A
Linear Pair	Geometry	\(\text{angle } A + \text{angle } B = 180^\circ\)	B I A
Literal Equation	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Local Maximum	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(f(c) \ge f(x) \text{ for all } x \text{ near } c\)	B I A
Local Minimum	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(f(c) \le f(x) \text{ for all } x \text{ near } c\)	B I A
Logarithm	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(\log_b(x) = y \text{ means } b^y = x\)	B I A
Logarithmic Function	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(f(x) = \log_b(x)\)	B I A
M
Magnitude of a Vector	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\|v\| = \sqrt{v_1^2 + v_2^2 + \ldots + v_n^2}\)	B I A
Markup	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{markup amount} = \text{cost} \times \text{markup rate}; \quad \text{selling price} = \text{cost} \times (1 + \text{markup rate})\)	B I A
Mathematical Induction	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\text{Prove } P(1); \text{ prove } P(k) \text{ implies } P(k+1)\)	B I A
Matrix	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Matrix Addition	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\((A + B)_{ij} = a_{ij} + b_{ij}\)	B I A
Matrix Dimensions	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(m \times n \ (\text{rows} \times \text{columns})\)	B I A
Matrix Multiplication	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\((AB)_{ij} = \sum_k a_{ik} b_{kj}\)	B I A
Mean	Statistics & Probability	\(\text{Mean} = \dfrac{\text{sum of all values}}{\text{number of values}}\)	B I A
Median	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Midpoint Formula	Geometry & Measurement	\(M = \left(\frac{x_1+x_2}{2}, \frac{y_1+y_2}{2}\right)\)	B I A
Minuend	Arithmetic	\(\text{minuend} - \text{subtrahend} = \text{difference}\)	B I A
Mixed Number	Fractions & Decimals	\(a\,\frac{b}{c} = \frac{ac + b}{c}\)	B I A
Mode	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Modular Arithmetic	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(a \bmod n = \text{remainder when } a \text{ is divided by } n\)	B I A
Monomial	Algebra	\(a \cdot x^n\)	B I A
Multi-Step Equation	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Multiple	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Multiplication	Arithmetic	\(a \times b = \text{product}\)	B I A
Multiplication Rule (Probability)	Statistics & Probability	\(P(A \text{ and } B) = P(A) \times P(B\|A)\)	B I A
Multiplicative Identity	Arithmetic	\(a \times 1 = a\)	B I A
Multiplicative Inverse	Arithmetic	\(a \times \left(\frac{1}{a}\right) = 1 \ (a \neq 0)\)	B I A
Multiplying Fractions	Fractions & Decimals	\(\left(\frac{a}{b}\right) \times \left(\frac{c}{d}\right) = \frac{ac}{bd}\)	B I A
Multiplying Polynomials	Algebra	--	B I A
Mutually Exclusive Events	Statistics & Probability	\(P(A \text{ or } B) = P(A) + P(B) \quad [\text{when } A \text{ and } B \text{ are mutually exclusive}]\)	B I A
N
Natural Logarithm	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(\ln(x) = \log_e(x)\)	B I A
Natural Number	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Negative Correlation	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Negative Slope	Algebra	\(m < 0\)	B I A
Net of a Solid	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Non-Strict Inequality	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Normal Distribution	Statistics & Probability	\(f(x) = \dfrac{1}{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}} e^{-(x-\mu)^2/(2\sigma^2)}\)	B I A
Number Line	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Number Line Graph	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Number Sentence	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Numeral	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Numerator	Fractions & Decimals	--	B I A
Numerical Expression	Arithmetic	--	B I A
O
Observational Study	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Obtuse Angle	Geometry	\(90 < \text{angle} < 180^\circ\)	B I A
Obtuse Triangle	Geometry	\(a^2 + b^2 < c^2 \text{ (where } c \text{ is the longest side)}\)	B I A
Octagon	Geometry	\(\text{Interior angle sum} = 1080^\circ; \text{each regular angle} = 135^\circ\)	B I A
Odd Number	Arithmetic	\(n = 2k + 1 \text{ for some integer } k\)	B I A
One-Sided Limit	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\lim_{x \to a^-} f(x) \text{ and } \lim_{x \to a^+} f(x)\)	B I A
One-to-One Function	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
One-Variable Equation	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Open Sentence	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Opposite Number	Arithmetic	\(\text{opposite of } a = -a; \ a + (-a) = 0\)	B I A
Opposite Side	Trigonometry	--	B I A
Order of Operations	Arithmetic	\(\text{PEMDAS: Parentheses, Exponents, Multiply/Divide (left to right), Add/Subtract (left to right)}\)	B I A
Ordered Pair	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Origin	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Outcome (Probability)	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Outlier	Statistics & Probability	\(\text{Outlier if value} < Q_1 - 1.5 \cdot \text{IQR} \quad \text{or} \quad \text{value} > Q_3 + 1.5 \cdot \text{IQR}\)	B I A
P
Parabola	Algebra	\(y = ax^2 + bx + c\)	B I A
Parallel Lines (Algebra)	Algebra	\(m_1 = m_2, \; b_1 \neq b_2\)	B I A
Parallelogram	Geometry	\(\text{Area} = \text{base} \times \text{height}\)	B I A
Parameter (Statistics)	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Parent Function	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Part-to-Part Ratio	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{part-to-part ratio} = \text{part A} : \text{part B}\)	B I A
Part-to-Whole Ratio	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{part-to-whole ratio} = \frac{\text{part}}{\text{total}}\)	B I A
Partial Sum	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(S_n = \sum_{k=1}^{n} a_k\)	B I A
Pascal's Triangle	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(C(n,k) = C(n-1,k-1) + C(n-1,k)\)	B I A
Path (Graph Theory)	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Pattern	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Pentagon	Geometry	\(\text{Interior angle sum} = 540^\circ; \text{each regular angle} = 108^\circ\)	B I A
Percent	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{percent} = \left(\frac{\text{part}}{\text{whole}}\right) \times 100\)	B I A
Percentage	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{percentage} = \left(\frac{\text{part}}{\text{whole}}\right) \times 100\%\)	B I A
Percentage Decrease	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{percentage decrease} = \left(\frac{\text{original} - \text{new}}{\text{original}}\right) \times 100\%\)	B I A
Percentage Increase	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{percentage increase} = \left(\frac{\text{new} - \text{original}}{\text{original}}\right) \times 100\%\)	B I A
Percentile	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Perfect Cube	Arithmetic	\(n^3 = n \times n \times n\)	B I A
Perfect Square	Arithmetic	\(n^2 = n \times n\)	B I A
Perfect Square Trinomial	Algebra	\(a^2 + 2ab + b^2 = (a + b)^2\)	B I A
Perimeter	Geometry & Measurement	\(P = \text{sum of all side lengths}\)	B I A
Period	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Period (Trig)	Trigonometry	\(\text{period} = \frac{2\pi}{\|B\|} \text{ for } y = A\sin(Bx + C) + D\)	B I A
Periodic Function	Trigonometry	\(f(x + T) = f(x) \text{ for all } x, \text{ where } T \text{ is the period}\)	B I A
Permutation	Statistics & Probability	\(P(n, r) = \dfrac{n!}{(n-r)!}\)	B I A
Perpendicular	Geometry	\(\text{slopes: } m_1 \times m_2 = -1 \text{ (for non-vertical perpendicular lines)}\)	B I A
Perpendicular Bisector	Geometry	\(\text{Any point } P \text{ on bisector: } PA = PB \text{ (equidistant from endpoints)}\)	B I A
Perpendicular Lines (Algebra)	Algebra	\(m_1 \cdot m_2 = -1\)	B I A
Phase Shift	Trigonometry	\(\text{phase shift} = -\frac{C}{B} \text{ for } y = A\sin(Bx + C) + D\)	B I A
Pi	Geometry & Measurement	\(\pi = \frac{C}{d} = 3.14159\ldots\)	B I A
Pie Chart	Statistics & Probability	\(\text{Slice angle} = \dfrac{\text{category frequency}}{\text{total}} \times 360^\circ\)	B I A
Place Value	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Plane	Geometry	\(ax + by + cz = d \text{ (equation of a plane in 3D)}\)	B I A
Plotting Points	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Point	Geometry	--	B I A
Point Symmetry	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Point-Slope Form	Algebra	\(y - y_1 = m(x - x_1)\)	B I A
Polygon	Geometry	\(\text{Interior angle sum} = (n-2) \times 180^\circ\)	B I A
Polynomial	Algebra	\(a_nx^n + a_{n-1}x^{n-1} + \ldots + a_1x + a_0\)	B I A
Population (Statistics)	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Positive Correlation	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Positive Slope	Algebra	\(m > 0\)	B I A
Power	Arithmetic	\(b^n \ (\text{read: "}b\text{ to the }n\text{th power"})\)	B I A
Power Rule	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\frac{d}{dx}[x^n] = nx^{n-1}\)	B I A
Power Rule for Logarithms	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(\log_b(x^r) = r \log_b(x)\)	B I A
Preimage	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Prime Factorization	Arithmetic	\(n = p_1^{a_1} \times p_2^{a_2} \times \ldots \times p_k^{a_k}\)	B I A
Prime Number	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Prism	Geometry & Measurement	\(V = B \times h \ (B = \text{base area})\)	B I A
Probability	Statistics & Probability	\(\text{P(event)} = \dfrac{\text{number of favorable outcomes}}{\text{total number of equally likely outcomes}}\)	B I A
Product	Arithmetic	\(a \times b = \text{product}\)	B I A
Product Rule	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\frac{d}{dx}[f(x)g(x)] = f'(x)g(x) + f(x)g'(x)\)	B I A
Product Rule for Logarithms	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(\log_b(xy) = \log_b(x) + \log_b(y)\)	B I A
Proper Fraction	Fractions & Decimals	--	B I A
Proper Subset	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(A \subset B: A \subseteq B \text{ and } A \neq B\)	B I A
Properties of Logarithms	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Proportion	Fractions & Decimals	\(\frac{a}{b} = \frac{c}{d} \text{ (equivalently, } ad = bc\text{)}\)	B I A
Proportional Relationship	Fractions & Decimals	\(y = kx \text{ (}k\text{ is the constant of proportionality)}\)	B I A
Proportionality Constant	Algebra	\(k = \frac{y}{x}\)	B I A
Pyramid	Geometry & Measurement	\(V = \frac{1}{3} \times B \times h\)	B I A
Pythagorean Identity	Trigonometry	\(\sin^2(\theta) + \cos^2(\theta) = 1\)	B I A
Pythagorean Theorem	Trigonometry	\(a^2 + b^2 = c^2\)	B I A
Pythagorean Triple	Trigonometry	\(a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \text{ with } a, b, c \text{ positive integers}\)	B I A
Q
Quadrant	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Quadratic Equation	Algebra	\(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\)	B I A
Quadratic Formula	Algebra	\(x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}\)	B I A
Quadratic Function	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c\)	B I A
Quadrilateral	Geometry	\(\text{angle sum} = 360^\circ\)	B I A
Qualitative Data	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Quantitative Data	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Quartile	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Quotient	Arithmetic	\(\text{dividend} / \text{divisor} = \text{quotient}\)	B I A
Quotient Identity	Trigonometry	\(\tan(\theta) = \frac{\sin(\theta)}{\cos(\theta)}; \quad \cot(\theta) = \frac{\cos(\theta)}{\sin(\theta)}\)	B I A
Quotient Rule	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\frac{d}{dx}\left[\frac{f}{g}\right] = \frac{f'g - fg'}{g^2}\)	B I A
Quotient Rule for Logarithms	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(\log_b(x/y) = \log_b(x) - \log_b(y)\)	B I A
R
Radian	Trigonometry	\(\theta \text{ (radians)} = \frac{\text{arc length}}{\text{radius}}; \quad 2\pi \text{ radians} = 360 \text{ degrees}\)	B I A
Radical Equation	Algebra	--	B I A
Radical Expression	Algebra	\(\sqrt{x}, \; \sqrt[n]{x} = x^{1/n}\)	B I A
Radius	Geometry	\(r = d/2; \text{Circumference} = 2\pi r; \text{Area} = \pi r^2\)	B I A
Random Sample	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Range (Statistics)	Statistics & Probability	\(\text{Range} = \text{Maximum value} - \text{Minimum value}\)	B I A
Range of a Function	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Rate	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{rate} = \frac{\text{quantity A}}{\text{quantity B}} \text{ (different units)}\)	B I A
Ratio	Fractions & Decimals	\(a : b \text{ or } \frac{a}{b}\)	B I A
Rational Expression	Algebra	\(\frac{P(x)}{Q(x)}, \; Q(x) \neq 0\)	B I A
Rational Number	Arithmetic	\(\frac{p}{q}, \text{ where } p, q \text{ are integers and } q \neq 0\)	B I A
Ray	Geometry	--	B I A
Real Number	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Real Part	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(Re(a + bi) = a\)	B I A
Reciprocal	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{reciprocal of } \frac{a}{b} = \frac{b}{a}\)	B I A
Reciprocal Identity	Trigonometry	\(\csc = \frac{1}{\sin}, \quad \sec = \frac{1}{\cos}, \quad \cot = \frac{1}{\tan}\)	B I A
Rectangle	Geometry	\(\text{Area} = \text{length} \times \text{width}; \text{Perimeter} = 2(\text{length} + \text{width})\)	B I A
Rectangular Prism	Geometry & Measurement	\(V = l \times w \times h; \ SA = 2(lw + lh + wh)\)	B I A
Recursive Formula	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Reference Angle	Trigonometry	--	B I A
Reflection	Geometry & Measurement	\(\text{Reflection across x-axis: } (x, y) \to (x, -y)\)	B I A
Reflection of a Function	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Reflex Angle	Geometry	\(180 < \text{angle} < 360^\circ\)	B I A
Regression	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Regular Polygon	Geometry	\(\text{Each interior angle} = \frac{(n-2) \times 180^\circ}{n}\)	B I A
Relative Frequency	Statistics & Probability	\(\text{Relative Frequency} = \dfrac{\text{frequency}}{\text{total number of values}}\)	B I A
Remainder	Arithmetic	\(a = b \times q + r, \text{ where } 0 \le r < b\)	B I A
Repeating Decimal	Fractions & Decimals	--	B I A
Rhombus	Geometry	\(\text{Area} = (d_1 d_2)/2 \text{ (where } d_1, d_2 \text{ are diagonal lengths)}\)	B I A
Riemann Sum	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(S = \sum_{i=1}^{n} f(x_i^*) \, \Delta x\)	B I A
Right Angle	Geometry	\(\text{angle} = 90^\circ = \pi/2 \text{ radians}\)	B I A
Right Triangle	Geometry	\(a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \text{ (Pythagorean theorem)}\)	B I A
Rigid Motion	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Rise Over Run	Algebra	\(\text{slope} = \frac{\text{rise}}{\text{run}}\)	B I A
Roots / Zeros	Algebra	\(f(x) = 0\)	B I A
Rotation	Geometry & Measurement	\((x,y) \to (x\cos t - y\sin t, \ x\sin t + y\cos t)\)	B I A
Rotational Symmetry	Geometry & Measurement	\(\text{Minimum rotation angle} = \frac{360}{\text{order}}\)	B I A
Rounding	Arithmetic	--	B I A
S
Sample (Statistics)	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Sample Space	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Scalar	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Scalar Multiplication of a Matrix	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\((cA)_{ij} = c \cdot a_{ij}\)	B I A
Scale Factor	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{scale factor} = \frac{\text{new length}}{\text{original length}}\)	B I A
Scale Factor (Geometry)	Geometry & Measurement	\(k = \dfrac{\text{image length}}{\text{original length}}\)	B I A
Scalene Triangle	Geometry	--	B I A
Scatter Plot	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Secant	Geometry	\(\text{secant-tangent: (external segment)} \times \text{(whole secant)} = (\text{tangent})^2\)	B I A
Secant (Trig)	Trigonometry	\(\sec(\theta) = \frac{1}{\cos(\theta)} = \frac{\text{hypotenuse}}{\text{adjacent}}\)	B I A
Second Derivative Test	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(f'(c)=0: \text{ if } f''(c)>0 \text{ then min; if } f''(c)<0 \text{ then max}\)	B I A
Sector	Geometry	\(\text{Area} = (\theta/360)\pi r^2 = (1/2)r^2\theta \text{ (}\theta \text{ in radians)}\)	B I A
Sector Area	Geometry & Measurement	\(A = \frac{\theta}{360}\pi r^2 \text{ or } A = \frac{1}{2}r^2\theta \text{ (radians)}\)	B I A
Semicircle	Geometry	\(\text{Area} = \pi r^2/2; \text{Perimeter} = \pi r + 2r\)	B I A
Set	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Set-Builder Notation	Pre-Algebra	\(\{x \mid \text{condition on } x\}\)	B I A
Sigma Notation	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(\sum_{k=1}^{n} a_k\)	B I A
Similar Figures	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Similarity Ratio	Geometry & Measurement	\(k = \dfrac{\text{corresponding side of image}}{\text{corresponding side of original}}\)	B I A
Simple Interest	Fractions & Decimals	\(I = Prt\)	B I A
Simplest Form	Fractions & Decimals	\(\frac{a}{b} \text{ where } \gcd(a,b) = 1\)	B I A
Simplify an Expression	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Simulation (Probability)	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Sine	Trigonometry	\(\sin(\theta) = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\text{hypotenuse}}\)	B I A
Sinusoidal Function	Trigonometry	\(y = A\sin(Bx + C) + D \text{ or } y = A\cos(Bx + C) + D\)	B I A
Skew (Skewness)	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Slope	Algebra	\(m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}\)	B I A
Slope-Intercept Form	Algebra	\(y = mx + b\)	B I A
SOH-CAH-TOA	Trigonometry	\(\sin = \frac{O}{H}, \quad \cos = \frac{A}{H}, \quad \tan = \frac{O}{A}\)	B I A
Solution	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Solving Equations	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Sphere	Geometry & Measurement	\(V = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3; \ SA = 4\pi r^2\)	B I A
Square	Geometry	\(\text{Area} = s^2; \text{Perimeter} = 4s; \text{Diagonal} = s\sqrt{2}\)	B I A
Square Root	Arithmetic	\(\sqrt{n} = x \text{ means } x^2 = n \ (x \ge 0)\)	B I A
Standard Deviation	Statistics & Probability	\(s = \sqrt{\dfrac{\sum (x_i - \bar{x})^2}{n-1}}\)	B I A
Standard Form (Linear)	Algebra	\(Ax + By = C\)	B I A
Standard Form (Quadratic)	Algebra	\(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\)	B I A
Standard Position	Trigonometry	--	B I A
Statistic (Value)	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Statistics	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Stem-and-Leaf Plot	Statistics & Probability	--	B I A
Straight Angle	Geometry	\(\text{angle} = 180^\circ = \pi \text{ radians}\)	B I A
Stretch and Shrink	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(g(x) = a \cdot f(b \cdot x)\)	B I A
Strict Inequality	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Subset	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(A \subseteq B: \text{ every element of } A \text{ is in } B\)	B I A
Substitute	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Substitution Method	Algebra	--	B I A
Subtracting Fractions	Fractions & Decimals	\(\frac{a}{c} - \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a-b}{c}; \quad \frac{a}{b} - \frac{c}{d} = \frac{ad-bc}{bd}\)	B I A
Subtracting Polynomials	Algebra	--	B I A
Subtraction	Arithmetic	\(a - b = \text{difference}\)	B I A
Subtrahend	Arithmetic	\(\text{minuend} - \text{subtrahend} = \text{difference}\)	B I A
Sum	Arithmetic	\(a + b = \text{sum}\)	B I A
Supplementary Angles	Geometry	\(\text{angle } A + \text{angle } B = 180^\circ\)	B I A
Surface Area	Geometry & Measurement	\(SA = \text{sum of all face areas}\)	B I A
System of Equations	Algebra	--	B I A
T
Table of Values	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Tangent (Trig)	Trigonometry	\(\tan(\theta) = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\text{adjacent}} = \frac{\sin(\theta)}{\cos(\theta)}\)	B I A
Tangent Line	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(y - f(a) = f'(a)(x - a)\)	B I A
Tangent to a Circle	Geometry	\(\text{tangent length from external point } P: t = \sqrt{d^2 - r^2}\)	B I A
Tape Diagram	Fractions & Decimals	--	B I A
Tax	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{tax amount} = \text{price} \times \text{tax rate}; \quad \text{total} = \text{price} \times (1 + \text{tax rate})\)	B I A
Tenths	Fractions & Decimals	\(1 \text{ tenth} = \frac{1}{10} = 0.1\)	B I A
Term (Algebra)	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Terminal Side	Trigonometry	--	B I A
Terminating Decimal	Fractions & Decimals	--	B I A
Theorem	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Theoretical Probability	Statistics & Probability	\(\text{P(event)} = \dfrac{\text{favorable outcomes}}{\text{total equally likely outcomes}}\)	B I A
Thousandths	Fractions & Decimals	\(1 \text{ thousandth} = \frac{1}{1000} = 0.001\)	B I A
Transformation	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Translating Expressions	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Translation	Geometry & Measurement	\((x, y) \to (x + a, y + b)\)	B I A
Transversal	Geometry	--	B I A
Trapezoid	Geometry	\(\text{Area} = (1/2)(b_1 + b_2) \times \text{height}\)	B I A
Tree (Graph Theory)	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\|E\| = \|V\| - 1\)	B I A
Triangle	Geometry	\(\text{Area} = (1/2) \times \text{base} \times \text{height}; \text{angle sum} = 180^\circ\)	B I A
Triangle Angle Sum	Geometry	\(\text{angle } A + \text{angle } B + \text{angle } C = 180^\circ\)	B I A
Triangular Prism	Geometry & Measurement	\(V = \left(\frac{1}{2} \times b \times h_{\triangle}\right) \times \text{length}\)	B I A
Trigonometric Identity	Trigonometry	--	B I A
Trigonometric Ratio	Trigonometry	--	B I A
Trigonometry	Trigonometry	--	B I A
Trinomial	Algebra	\(ax^2 + bx + c\)	B I A
Two-Step Equation	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Two-Variable Equation	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
U
U-Substitution	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(\int f(g(x))g'(x)\, dx = \int f(u)\, du, \, u=g(x)\)	B I A
Undefined	Arithmetic	--	B I A
Undefined Slope	Algebra	\(\text{run} = 0 \text{ (division by zero)}\)	B I A
Union of Sets	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(A \cup B = \{x : x \in A \text{ or } x \in B\}\)	B I A
Unit Circle	Trigonometry	\(x^2 + y^2 = 1; \quad (x, y) = (\cos(\theta), \sin(\theta))\)	B I A
Unit Fraction	Fractions & Decimals	\(\frac{1}{n} \text{ (where } n \text{ is a positive integer)}\)	B I A
Unit Rate	Fractions & Decimals	\(\text{unit rate} = \frac{\text{total quantity}}{\text{number of units}}\)	B I A
Universal Set	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Unlike Terms	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
V
Variable	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Variance	Statistics & Probability	\(s^2 = \dfrac{\sum (x_i - \bar{x})^2}{n-1}\)	B I A
Vector	Calculus & Advanced Math	\(v = \langle v_1, v_2, v_3 \rangle\)	B I A
Venn Diagram	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Verbal Expression	Pre-Algebra	--	B I A
Vertex (3-D)	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Vertex (Graph Theory)	Calculus & Advanced Math	--	B I A
Vertex of a Parabola	Algebra	\(x = \frac{-b}{2a}\)	B I A
Vertex of an Angle	Geometry	--	B I A
Vertical Angles	Geometry	\(\text{vertical angle } A = \text{vertical angle } B\)	B I A
Vertical Line Test	Functions & Advanced Algebra	--	B I A
Vertical Shift	Functions & Advanced Algebra	\(g(x) = f(x) + k\)	B I A
Vertical Shift (Trig)	Trigonometry	\(\text{midline: } y = D \text{ for } y = A\sin(Bx + C) + D\)	B I A
Volume	Geometry & Measurement	\(\text{Varies by solid; measured in cubic units}\)	B I A
Volume of a Cone	Geometry & Measurement	\(V = \frac{1}{3}\pi r^2 h\)	B I A
Volume of a Cylinder	Geometry & Measurement	\(V = \pi r^2 h\)	B I A
Volume of a Prism	Geometry & Measurement	\(V = B \times h\)	B I A
Volume of a Pyramid	Geometry & Measurement	\(V = \frac{1}{3} \times B \times h\)	B I A
Volume of a Sphere	Geometry & Measurement	\(V = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3\)	B I A
W
Weighted Mean	Statistics & Probability	\(\text{Weighted Mean} = \dfrac{\sum w_i x_i}{\sum w_i}\)	B I A
Whole Number	Arithmetic	--	B I A
X
X-Axis	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
X-Coordinate	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
X-Intercept	Algebra	\(\text{Set } y = 0, \text{ solve for } x\)	B I A
Y
Y-Axis	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Y-Coordinate	Geometry & Measurement	--	B I A
Y-Intercept	Algebra	\(\text{Set } x = 0, \text{ solve for } y\)	B I A
Z
Z-Score	Statistics & Probability	\(z = \dfrac{x - \text{mean}}{\text{standard deviation}}\)	B I A
Zero	Arithmetic	\(a + 0 = a\)	B I A
Zero Product Property	Pre-Algebra	\(If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0\)	B I A
Zero Slope	Algebra	\(m = 0\)	B I A